A World That Just Doesn’t Need As Much Oil

Written By: - Date published: 7:22 am, June 18th, 2020 - 27 comments
Categories: capitalism, climate change, energy, Environment, global warming, peak oil, uncategorized - Tags:

BP yesterday sent a really big message that effectively now, Covid-19 is the break that tips the world away from oil dependence.

They advised investors that the economic shock of the pandemic would reverberate for years, and that less oil and gas would likely be needed.

And they are writing down as much as US $17.5 billion of their petroleum holdings next quarter.

Bernard Looney their Chief Executive said in February that “Everywhere I have been – inside BP, as well as outside – I have come away with one inescapable conclusion: we have got to change.”

All those who disinvested were right.

All those who warned us were right.

27 comments on “A World That Just Doesn’t Need As Much Oil ”

  1. Robert Guyton 1

    Good.

    • weka 1.1

      'bout time too. Maybe we can all talk about energy descent now.

      • froggleblocks 1.1.1

        Energy descent means lower standards of living. Good luck trying to have that conversation in any sort of rational way.

        [Name and e-mail don’t match with previous records and this is creating work for Moderators and is holding up your comment in Pre-Moderation – Incognito]

        • Incognito 1.1.1.1

          See my Moderation note @ 10:16 AM.

        • weka 1.1.1.2

          Energy descent means lower standards of living. Good luck trying to have that conversation in any sort of rational way.

          It might if by lower standard of living you mean not being able to buy a new iphone every few years. If you mean living a good, satisfying, safe life, then no it doesn't. It also acknowledges that some people's standard of living needs to and can improve, via just transition.

          But sure, we can keep delaying the conversation until it is too late.

          • RedLogix 1.1.1.2.1

            If you mean living a good, satisfying, safe life, then no it doesn't.

            That is an assertion you need to prove.

            In every instance I can think of, where we see communities (at any scale, local or national) either voluntarily or compelled, go through an energy decline there are real constraints on the standard of living they can achieve independently.

            They never exist in a vacuum, they are always embedded in a wider industrial society that still provides the essential security, transport, educational and health infrastructures in the background.

            For instance, no matter how 'transitioned' you are, if you need a wisdom tooth removed it would be a very poor thing indeed not to have available a dental surgeon able to deal with it safely. Yet just that function alone is absolutely dependent on a myriad of industrial materials and services that would be unlikely to exist in a de-powered post industrial society. (Except perhaps to the most wealthy.)

            I've said this before, in no fashion am I against moving toward styles of living that are less profligate and a lot more conscious about our use of resources. I've visited numerous alternative communities over the years, and I'm rather fond of them. But I'm not blind to their limitations either.

            • Drowsy M. Kram 1.1.1.2.1.1

              "If you mean living a good, satisfying, safe life, then no it doesn't."

              "That is an assertion you need to prove."

              Can't speak for anyone else, but that assertion rings true to me. Can 'we' continue with what we've got (now) and live a good, satisfying, safe life? I certainly can. Sometimes I believe that many, many people are so enamoured of increasing convenience and conspicuous consumption that it blinds them to the fact that such convenience and consumption became unsustainable (and unsafe in the longer term) decades ago. Indeed, such convenience and consumption may be harmful to present and future (growing) generations.

              And yet many parents are driven to provide their children/child (yes, birth rates are decreasing; hooray!) with more and better opportunities than they had. Why might that be? Are their own lives so awful? Are there no other paths to happiness?

              Are We Approaching a Sustainable Consumption Transition?
              "Public policies, commercial prerogatives, and other inducements have encouraged construction and occupancy of ever-larger homes and this pattern has persisted in the face of decreasing household size, declining fertility, ageing populations, and increasing complexity of domestic relationships. This situation has created a perverse mismatch between available housing stocks and residential requirements."
              https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14036096.2020.1722218

              Healthy and Sustainable Diets and Food Systems
              "The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered a unifying global goal setting agenda that every country is meant to achieve. One of those goals, SDG2, promises to ensure food security and nutrition within sustainable food systems. However, achieving that goal is riddled with uncertainty because of the way in which the world currently produces and consumes foods. The global trends of diets and the food systems that produce those diets suggest that they are neither healthy nor sustainable, which has implications for achieving SDG2."
              https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41055-019-00052-6

              "Without population reduction, this study predicts an agricultural crisis beginning in 2020, becoming critical c. 2050."
              https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_measurement#Growth-based_economic_models

        • Draco T Bastard 1.1.1.3

          Energy descent means lower standards of living.

          No it doesn't.

          As an example Europe doesn't use anywhere near as much energy per person as the US but, arguably, has better living standards.

          What energy descent really means is to move to living within our means.

          • froggleblocks 1.1.1.3.1

            Except we're not talking about reducing energy usage to European levels. We're talking about reducing energy usage to North Korean levels (or even lower).

            And a lot of North Koreas technology relies on outside countries with much higher energy use and GDP than North Korea themselves have – for example you can buy iphones in North Korea.

            If every country in the world had the same energy intensity as North Korea does today, then iphones wouldn’t exist for anyone.

            • Draco T Bastard 1.1.1.3.1.1

              We're talking about reducing energy usage to North Korean levels

              Where has that been said?

              • froggleblocks

                Well, you tell me. How much energy do you think we'll be getting from oil when the oil industry shuts down?

                That is what this post is about and what weka is continually argueing in favour of.

                • Draco T Bastard

                  Ah, you're of the delusional belief that energy only comes from oil.

                  As a reminder – most of NZ's electricity comes from sustainable energy sources which can easily be ramped up to cover the minor amount that comes from unsustainable sources.

                  • Enough is Enough

                    Draco

                    Where have you been hiding?

                  • froggleblocks

                    Yes, only a 'minor' amount of NZ's energy comes from fossil fuels. Sure.

                    • roblogic

                      Yep, road transport alone consumes about 3x the energy produced by the NZ electric grid. We would need several nuclear power plants to completely replace oil. But we aren't doing that, instead we're *reducing* the amount we burn

  2. RedLogix 2

    I regularly listen to this channel Breakthrough Institute who I find take a good balanced position on energy issues.

    This latest webinar looks in particular how subsidies and their impact on decarbonisation.

    Breakthrough has long argued that fighting climate change is mainly a matter of making clean energy cheap, and — thanks in large part to federal deployment subsidies — this is precisely what we've done for solar and onshore wind technologies. But since experts agree that they aren’t enough to fully decarbonize today's electric power grids, we need to focus subsidies on emerging sources of firm generation like advanced nuclear, while also investing in the energy storage and transmission infrastructure we need to support more solar and wind. The next few years mark a potential inflection point in the evolution of America's electric system. Smart action now will enable faster, cheaper decarbonization in the future.

  3. A convergence is coming. Incremental changes in green tech are slowly building up to make electric vehicles a cheaper option than oil combustion. Tesla's new "million mile battery" will not only power cars, it could supply power back to the grid in times of high demand. Simpler designs and build techniques are making Tesla the world's most valuable car manufacturer.

    • Kevin 3.1

      Second only to Toyota now.

      Not bad after being less than 30 days from bankruptcy in 2008.

      • Phil 3.1.1

        …Tesla the world's most valuable car manufacturer.

        Honestly, it absolutely baffles me that Tesla is in this position. They're now producing 400-500 thousand cars per year (Toyota produce upward of 8-and-a-half million per year and have consistently since 2013), they haven't turned a 12-month- rolling profit in a decade of operation and they have a truly shitty record of delivering new lines to their publicly stated timetable.

        Literally everything about this company screams Dot-Com bubble.

        • Andre 3.1.1.1

          Part of it is that Tesla isn't just a car manufacturer. With their Supercharger network, Powerwall and solar roof product lines, grid-scale battery systems etc they're on the way towards being more of an energy ecosystem company.

          But yeah, most of the irrational exuberance in their market valuation seems to be driven from the automotive side.

        • lprent 3.1.1.2

          They have produced technically good and very innovative vehicles at progressively lower costs. Neither something to be sneezed at.

          They have managed to sell all (as far as I can find out) of their vehicles at an operational profit. Again something that is not to be sneezed at.

          They have steadily increased their sales throughout their history.

          None of these things bear any relationship to 90s dot-com style companies.

          they haven’t turned a 12-month- rolling profit in a decade of operation

          That is pretty common with an organisation that is rapidly increasing capacity and innovating. Capacity like massive battery factories producing some of the highest capacity batteries known.

          One of the characteristics of the dot-com companies was that they didn’t have any tangible assets, and in many ways it was hard to argue that they even had much technical intellectual property..

          I’d say that your analogy is pretty useless. A better comparison would be to look at the early 19th century major car manufacturers as they started to put out cars in competition to horses. It took them decades to increase capacity and they didn’t have realisable profits for decades as well.

        • Stunned Mullet 3.1.1.3

          If this is real expect their share price to increase even more..

          https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/tesla-million-mile-battery-production-catl/

  4. sumsuch 4

    Why is my fill up still over $100 in the light of cheap oil? Surely there should have been a tangle in the press?

    • roblogic 4.1

      Like every other sector of the NZ economy, the market is sewn up by insiders and Kiwis are getting screwed

    • Andre 4.2

      Because taxes and various importer and reseller margins have always been a big part of the price of fuel here.

      When oil prices are as low as they are now, the oil component is tiny, maybe around 30 or 40 cents per litre, but the all the fixed costs of refining, transport etc are still there.

      Plus the various companies seem to be making a bit more margin than usual at the moment.

      https://www.stuff.co.nz/motoring/120910357/fuel-prices-continue-to-fall

CommentsOpinions

Recent Comments

Recent Posts

FeedsPartyGovtMedia

  • Luxon wraps up East Asia Summit

    The annual East Asia Summit (EAS) held in Laos this week underscored the critical role that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plays in ensuring a peaceful, stable and prosperous Indo-Pacific, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon says. "My first participation in an EAS has been a valuable opportunity to engage ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    13 hours ago
  • Feedback will improve health and safety system and grow the economy

    Workplace Relations and Safety Minister Brooke van Velden says the feedback from the health and safety roadshow will help shape the future of health and safety in New Zealand and grow the economy.  “New Zealand’s poorly performing health and safety system could be costing this country billions,” says Ms van ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    18 hours ago
  • Government releases more Fast-track detail

    The Government has released the independent Advisory Group’s report on the 384 projects which applied to be listed in the Fast-track Approvals Bill, and further detail about the careful management of Ministers’ conflicts of interest, Infrastructure Minister Chris Bishop says. Independent Advisory Group Report The full report has now been ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    19 hours ago
  • Government releases plan for affordable electricity

    The Government Policy Statement (GPS) on electricity clearly sets out the Government’s role in delivering affordable and secure electricity at internationally competitive prices, Energy Minister Simeon Brown says.“New Zealand’s economic growth and prosperity relies on Kiwi households and businesses having access to affordable and secure electricity at internationally competitive prices. ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    22 hours ago
  • Govt broadly accepts Royal Commission findings

    The Government has broadly accepted the findings of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Abuse in Care whilst continuing to consider and respond to its recommendations. “It is clear the Crown utterly failed thousands of brave New Zealanders. As a society and as the State we should have done better. ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    23 hours ago
  • Brakes put on contractor and consultant spending

    The brakes have been put on contractor and consultant spending and growth in the public service workforce, Finance Minister Nicola Willis says. “Workforce data released today shows spending on contractors and consultants fell by $274 million, or 13 per cent, across the public sector in the year to June 30.  ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 day ago
  • Accounts confirm need for spending restraint

    The Crown accounts for the 2023/24 year underscore the need for the Government’s ongoing efforts to restore discipline to public spending, Finance Minister Nicola Willis says. The Financial Statements of the Government for the year ended 30 June 2024 were released today. They show net core Crown net debt at ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 day ago
  • Minister to co-chair carbon market negotiations at COP29

    Climate Change Minister Simon Watts will chair negotiations on carbon markets at this year’s United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29) alongside Singapore’s Minister for Sustainability and Environment, Grace Fu. “Climate change is a global challenge, and it’s important for countries to be enabled to work together and support each other ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Confirmation of Payee service to improve payment security

    A new confirmation of payments system in the banking sector will make it safer for Kiwis making bank transactions, Commerce and Consumer Affairs Minister Andrew Bayly says.  “In my open letter to the banks in February, I outlined several of my expectations of the sector, including the introduction of a ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Medicines access continues to increase

    Associate Health Minister with responsibility for Pharmac David Seymour is pleased to see Pharmac continue to increase availability of medicines for Kiwis with the Government’s largest ever investment in Pharmac.  “Pharmac operates independently, but it must work within the budget constraints set by the Government,” says Mr Seymour.  “When our ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Strengthening NZ’s emergency management system

    The Government has released its long-term vision to strengthen New Zealand’s disaster resilience and emergency management, Emergency Management and Recovery Minister Mark Mitchell announced today. “It’s clear from the North Island Severe Weather Events (NISWE) Inquiry, that our emergency management system was not fit-for-purpose,” Mr Mitchell says. “We’ve seen first-hand ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Brighter days ahead for Kiwis

    Today’s cut in the Official Cash Rate (OCR) to 4.75 per cent is welcome news for families and businesses, Finance Minister Nicola Willis says.  “Lower interest rates will provide much-needed relief for households and businesses, allowing families to keep more of their hard-earned money and increasing the opportunities for businesses ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Sport NZ asked to update Transgender Inclusion Guiding Principles

    Sport & Recreation Minister Chris Bishop has asked Sport NZ to review and update its Guiding Principles for the Inclusion of Transgender People in Community Sport. “The Guiding Principles, published in 2022, were intended to be a helpful guide for sporting bodies grappling with a tricky issue. They are intended ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Freshwater farm plan rollout set to be paused by end of year

    The Coalition Government is restoring confidence to the rural sector by pausing the rollout of freshwater farm plans while changes are made to ensure the system is affordable and more practical for farmers and growers, Associate Environment Minister Andrew Hoggard and Agriculture Minister Todd McClay announced today. “Freshwater farm plans ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • New report shows improvements in air quality

    The latest report from the Ministry for the Environment (MfE) and Stats NZ, Our air 2024, reveals that overall air quality in New Zealand is improving, Environment Minister Penny Simmonds and Statistics Minister Andrew Bayly say. “Air pollution levels have decreased in many parts of the country. New Zealand is ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • New Zealand Climate Change Ambassador appointed

    Climate Change Minister Simon Watts has announced the appointment of Stuart Horne as New Zealand’s Climate Change Ambassador. “I am pleased to welcome someone of Stuart’s calibre to this important role, given his expertise in foreign policy, trade, and economics, along with strong business connections,” Mr Watts says. “Stuart’s understanding ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Plunket to help increase childhood vaccination rates

    Health Minister Dr Shane Reti and Associate Health Minister Casey Costello have announced a pilot to increase childhood immunisations, by training the Whānau Āwhina Plunket workforce as vaccinators in locations where vaccine coverage is particularly low.  The Government is investing up to $1 million for Health New Zealand to partner ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Holding careless builders accountable

    The Government is looking at strengthening requirements for building professionals, including penalties, to ensure Kiwis have confidence in their biggest asset, Building and Construction Minister Chris Penk says “The Government is taking decisive action to make building easier and more affordable. If we want to tackle our chronic undersupply of houses ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Further action to tackle driver licence wait times

    The Government is taking further action to tackle the unacceptable wait times facing people trying to sit their driver licence test by temporarily extending the amount of time people can drive on overseas licences from 12 months to 18 months, Transport Minister Simeon Brown says. “The previous government removed fees for ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Strengthened cyber security support for New Zealand businesses

    The Government has reaffirmed its commitment to ensuring New Zealand is a safe and secure place to do business with the launch of new cyber security resources, Small Business and Manufacturing Minister Andrew Bayly says. “Cyber security is crucial for businesses, but it’s often discounted for more immediate business concerns. ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Apprenticeship Boost targets key occupations

    Investment in Apprenticeship Boost will prioritise critical industries and targeted occupations that are essential to addressing New Zealand’s skills shortages and rebuilding the economy, Tertiary Education and Skills Minister Penny Simmonds and Social Development and Employment Minister Louise Upston say. “By focusing Apprenticeship Boost on first-year apprentices in targeted occupations, ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Funding boost to reduce wait times at Palmerston North ED

    Health Minister Dr Shane Reti has announced a funding boost for Palmerston North ED to reduce wait times and improve patient safety and care, as well as new national standards for moving acute patients through hospitals. “Wait times in emergency departments have deteriorated over the past six years and Palmerston ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Funding boost to reduce wait times at Palmerston North ED

    Health Minister Dr Shane Reti has announced a funding boost for Palmerston North ED to reduce wait times and improve patient safety and care, as well as new national standards for moving acute patients through hospitals. “Wait times in emergency departments have deteriorated over the past six years and Palmerston ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Significant investment for affordable housing with Waikato-Tainui

    Mehemea he pai mō te tangata, mahia! If it’s good for the people, get on with it! A $35 million Government investment will enable the delivery of 100 affordable rental homes in partnership with Waikato-Tainui, Associate Minister of Housing Tama Potaka says. Investment for the partnership, signed and announced today ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Unlocking the potential of ethnic businesses

    This week’s inaugural Ethnic Xchange Symposium will explore the role that ethnic communities and businesses can play in rebuilding New Zealand’s economy, Ethnic Communities Minister Melissa Lee says. “One of my top priorities as Minister is unlocking the economic potential of New Zealand’s ethnic businesses,” says Ms Lee. “Ethnic communities ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    5 days ago
  • New Zealand marks anniversary of 7 October

    Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Winston Peters are renewing New Zealand’s calls for restraint and de-escalation, on the first anniversary of the 7 October terrorist attacks on Israel. “New Zealand was horrified by the monstrous actions of Hamas against Israel a year ago today,” Mr Luxon says. ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    5 days ago
  • Iwi-led and partnered projects among those referred for Fast Track approval

    Kia uru kahikatea te tū.  Projects referred for Fast-Track approval will help supercharge the Māori economy and realise the huge potential of Iwi and Māori assets, Māori Development Minister Tama Potaka says. Following robust and independent review, the Government has today announced 149 projects that have significant regional or national ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Fast-track to boost renewable electricity

    The Fast-track Approvals Bill will list 22 renewable electricity projects with a combined capacity of 3 Gigawatts, which will help secure a clean, reliable and affordable supply of electricity across New Zealand, Energy Minister Simeon Brown says. “The Government has a goal of doubling New Zealand’s renewable electricity generation. The 22 ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Fast-track to drive transport projects forward

    The Government has enabled fast-track consenting for 29 critical road, rail, and port projects across New Zealand to deliver these priority projects faster and boost economic growth, Transport Minister Simeon Brown says. “New Zealand has an infrastructure deficit, and our Government is working to fix it. Delivering the transport infrastructure Kiwis ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Fast-track projects released

    The 149 projects released today for inclusion in the Government’s one-stop-shop Fast Track Approvals Bill will help rebuild the economy and fix our housing crisis, improve energy security, and address our infrastructure deficit, Minister for Infrastructure Chris Bishop says. “The 149 projects selected by the Government have significant regional or ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Ruakākā recreation centre opened

    A new multi-purpose recreation centre will provide a valuable wellbeing hub for residents and visitors to Ruakākā in Northland, Regional Development Minister Shane Jones says. The Ruakākā Recreation Centre, officially opened today, includes separate areas for a gymnasium, a community health space and meeting rooms made possible with support of ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    7 days ago
  • Extra Government support for farmers and growers in Southland and parts of Otago

    Agriculture Minister Todd McClay, and Rural Communities Minister Mark Patterson announced up to $50,000 in additional Government support for farmers and growers across Southland and parts of Otago as challenging spring weather conditions have been classified a medium-scale adverse event. “The relentless wet weather has been tough on farmers and ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Government welcomes move to delay EU Deforestation Regulation

    Trade and Agriculture Minister Todd McClay today welcomed a move by the European Commission to delay the implementation of the European Union’s Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) by 12 months, describing the proposal as a pragmatic step that will provide much-needed certainty for New Zealand exporters and ensure over $200 million in ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Response to Ministerial Inquiry into School Property

    The Government is taking decisive action in response to the Ministerial Inquiry into School Property, which concludes the way school property is delivered is not fit for purpose. “The school property portfolio is worth $30 billion, and it’s critically important it’s managed properly. This Government is taking a series of immediate actions ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • New Government support for residential construction market announced

    The Government has announced a new support programme for the residential construction market while the economy recovers, Housing Minister Chris Bishop and Building and Construction Minister Chris Penk say.    “We know the residential development sector is vulnerable to economic downturns. The lead time for building houses is typically 18 ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • New appointment to the EPA board

    Environment Minister Penny Simmonds has confirmed the final appointee to the refreshed Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) board. “I am pleased to welcome Brett O’Riley to the EPA board,” Ms Simmonds says. “Brett is a seasoned business advisor with a long and distinguished career across the technology, tourism, and sustainable business ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Strengthening resilience with critical road improvement projects

    The Government has approved a $226.2 million package of resilience improvement projects for state highways and local roads across the country that will reduce the impact of severe weather events and create a more resilient and efficient road network, Transport Minister Simeon Brown says. “Our Government is committed to delivering ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Doubling road rehabilitation this summer to prevent potholes

    Kiwis will see fewer potholes on our roads with road rehabilitation set to more than double through the summer road maintenance programme to ensure that our roads are maintained to a safe and reliable standard, Transport Minister Simeon Brown says. “Increasing productivity to help rebuild our economy is a key ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Sir Jerry Mateparae appointed in Bougainville post-referendum moderator role

    Foreign Minister Winston Peters has welcomed the announcement of Sir Jerry Mateparae as an independent moderator, to work with the Government of Papua New Guinea and the Autonomous Bougainville Government in resolving outstanding issues on Bougainville’s future.    “New Zealand is an enduring friend to Papua New Guinea and the ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Latest census data highlights New Zealand’s growing ethnic diversity

    The latest 2023 Census results released today further highlight New Zealand’s growing ethnic and cultural diversity, says Ethnic Communities Minister Melissa Lee. “Today’s census results are further evidence of the increasingly diverse nature of our population. It’s something that should be celebrated and also serve as a reminder of the ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago

Page generated in The Standard by Wordpress at 2024-10-11T19:02:40+00:00