Beyond Left and Right?

Written By: - Date published: 8:27 pm, September 17th, 2018 - 78 comments
Categories: capitalism, class war, Economy, Media, Politics, poverty, Social issues, socialism, workers' rights - Tags: , ,

I had an interesting discussion the other day with a regular TS contributor. The subject and substance of the exchange is not what brings me to write this post, so I’m going to skip the details. It was the commenter’s use of information from right wing websites to justify left wing positions that got me curious.

I have a sneaking suspicion that many people whose political and social instincts are solidly left wing have no idea what the term means. They may have heart, they may have a sense that the world is unfair, however they lack class understanding and therefore have no effective bullshit meter.

And not having a grounding in working class politics means that any old tosh that sounds anti-establishment gets a pass mark whether it’s deserved or not. Forget fake news, fake views are what we really have to worry about.

And it logically follows from that position that those folk will never really know what’s going on and will always be susceptible to being suckered.

Let’s be crystal clear. The Government is not the real problem, it’s capitalism. It’s not chem trails, buildings in free fall or 1080. It’s capitalism. It’s not virtue signalling, putting preferred pronouns on Twitter pages or overusing the epiphet ‘racist!’. It’s capitalism.

It’s always capitalism.

Now, I don’t mean that earlier analysis in a nasty way; I’m not saying that people who’ve never read Marx, Lenin, Dimitrov, Luxemburg and so many others are foolish or stupid people, just that they are ignorant of what defines the left.

And it’s not easy getting that learning. For a start, you’ll have to read books. So that’s the men out of this discussion already. See how hard it is?

No point blaming the news gathering media for our collective ignorance either. Removing sub editors means that there is simply no quality control any more. Newspapers used to have the piss taken out of them if they occasionally misspelled words, but nowadays there is a budget for accidental defamation roughly equivalent to the salaries saved when all the wielders of the blue pencil were made redundant.

And it’s not a red pill/blue pill choice. That’s a fantasy designed to stroke teenage egos. What’s going on is a class struggle and you, dear reader, are part of it, because we’re all working class these days and have been for nearly four decades.

There’s no middle class any more. There’s just different degrees of poverty, from outright destitution to the mirage of credit card and house price wealth.

So what’s stopping us from uniting and losing our chains?

“The Democrats, the longer they talk about identity politics, I got ’em. I want them to talk about racism every day. If the left is focused on race and identity, and we go with economic nationalism, we can crush the Democrats.”

That’s Steve Bannon, quoted in the halcyon days when he was re-setting the White House agenda.

Steve gets it. He knows it’s a class struggle, it’s just that his class isn’t your class.

The author of the seminal book The End of History and the Last Man, Francis Fukuyama, has been reassessing his tome. Back in the eighties, Fukuyama suggested liberalism was probably humanity’s end state. Looking back, he now recognises that the triumph of liberalism over fascism and communism has not ended the world’s problems, nor has it bought any kind of societal consensus.

Fukuyama now notes:

“You have leftwing and rightwing versions of identity politics. The leftwing version is longer-standing, where different social movements began to emphasise the ways they were different from mainstream culture and that they needed respect in various ways. And then there was a reaction on the right, from people who thought, ‘Well, what about us? Why don’t we qualify for special treatment as well?’

Politically, it is problematic in that it undermines a sense of citizenship. And now you get extremism on both sides.”

It’s that sense of citizenship that I really miss. We’re all citizens, but we don’t see it as something to be exercised, something to work on. Something to be part of.

Cui bono, readers, cui fucken bono?

I have a question, once posed to a law class I was taking, that has always stuck in my mind as a useful indicator of class understanding:

What’s more important, individual rights or collective rights?

So what do you think the answer to that question is, Standarnistas?

And why does it matter?

 

 

KARL MARX as stand up comedian:

If you think poor people are poor because they were too stupid to invest in property...you might be bourgeoisie. If you think that without entrepreneurs no one would bother to do any work...you might be bourgeoisie. If you think "freedom" means having more power to boss around your employees...you might be bourgeoisie. If you think the person who should get credit for a new technology is the guy who hired people to make it...you might be bourgeoisie. If you think the people on welfare are the ones sponging off society...you might be bourgeoisie. If you think the "homeless problem" is that if there are too many of them around it lowers property values...you might be bourgeoisie. If someone asks you what you do for a living, and you describe your investment portfolio...you might be bourgeoisie.

 

 

 

78 comments on “Beyond Left and Right? ”

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  1. R.P Mcmurphy 1
    17 September 2018 at 8:57 pm

    there is always a class struggle.
    marxism leninism stalinism trotskyite mao tse tung history is great stuff and no doubt inspiring to some.
    however it has lead to a blind alley and a criminal state.
    and look how the communist machine wrecked entire eco syystems trying to keep up with the united states in point less wars for resources and booty.
    maybe the point was to depopulate who knows.
    anyway.
    marx says in the introduction to the communist manifesto; ‘ who called these people from the soil?’
    in our hyper society it is accentuated as there is a whole more of the uppity pricks that need to be taken down. however the real struggle now is the environment. it is real.it is happening now. it is all going to crash sooner than we think.
    who is going to win.
    will the meek inherit the earth?
    who knows.

  2. McFlock 2
    17 September 2018 at 9:27 pm

    Individual and collective rights matter.

    And to a large degree, so-called “identity politics” is just another capitalist division: all proletariat are treated with contempt by capitalists, but some proles are treated with more contempt than others. Focussing on the larger class struggle while ignoring the structural issutes within the proletariat (the alienation against each other that capitalism breeds) just provides the next ruling class of oppressors.

    Sure, Bannon and co will sneer. But that’s because they care as much about the struggles within the proletariat class as they do about the class as a whole.

    Sure, we should all get refreshers on class warfare, on how struggles are due to the capitalist system. And we should all be thinking of realistic ways to get out of it, rather than hoping for a revolution or automation to make the system collapse into something more humane.

    But we also need reminders of what “alienation” means: it drives people against each other as well as their bosses, it makes every remedy for a wrong a further slight against people who didn’t suffer that particular wrong and so not receive that remedy. It makes us jealous of the crumbs another peasant gets, rather than happy for them because they deserve that sustenance as much as me. And yes, it makes us angry when others achieve the same rights that we do, or even dare to ask for them.

  3. Ad 3
    17 September 2018 at 9:37 pm

    You and Bill should talk.

  4. mickysavage 4
    17 September 2018 at 9:38 pm

    Question posed by Shane te Pou on Twitter. What about the treaty?

    • Dennis Frank 4.1
      18 September 2018 at 5:57 am

      The treaty was necessary to keep the peace in Kororareka. The Empire offered the chiefs local sovereignty over their traditional domains in exchange for dominion over the whole, but Henry Williams sold the notion as christian kindliness & caring. So a power-sharing arrangement between powers that be at the time that later got transformed by settler realpolitik, as power was transferred from both hierarchies to ordinary people via the creation of democracy in Aotearoa.

      • marty mars 4.1.1
        18 September 2018 at 7:32 am

        You need to read up on colonisation but your opinions do show a view.

        For instance – “…transformed by settler realpolitik, as power was transferred from both hierarchies to ordinary people via the creation of democracy in Aotearoa.” is just fantasy.

        transformed = destruction and devastation

        • Dennis Frank 4.1.1.1
          18 September 2018 at 9:17 am

          I doubt you’re really arguing that Maori didn’t get the right to vote, you’re just pretending to deny the fact.

          • marty mars 4.1.1.1.1
            18 September 2018 at 9:49 am

            Why would I deny that fact?

            I was just saying your brief synopsis of what happened glossed over a few things important to me and others.

            Didn’t realise that was such a hand grenade to you.

            • Dennis Frank 4.1.1.1.1.1
              18 September 2018 at 10:04 am

              Okay, I acknowledge all the bad stuff that got done in the process as I have onsite here previously, but that was actually superfluous to the point I was making about the historical devolution of power from both hierarchies into the people via democracy.

              • marty mars …
                18 September 2018 at 10:39 am

                The historical devolution of power for Māori is, imo, called colonisation.

                Probably an unneeded comment. I won’t do anymore.

                • Dukeofurl …
                  18 September 2018 at 1:20 pm

                  So you would preferred the semi fuedal chiefly- caste system remain much as it did in Samoa and Tonga ?

                  • marty mars …
                    18 September 2018 at 1:47 pm

                    Doesn’t matter – we’ve got what we’ve got.

                    btw the ancient system of mana, tapu, whakapapa, and so on is still alive today – hidden in plain sight.

                    • Dukeofurl …
                      18 September 2018 at 3:49 pm

                      yes. Thats because it served the chiefly system. genealogy isnt really a great way to base your economic system, with inter-tribal warfare for the spoils. The last part continues today using pakeha courts

  5. miravox 5
    17 September 2018 at 9:55 pm

    “It’s that sense of citizenship that I really miss”

    Same. We began to lose that sense of citizenship back in the ’80s when society became less important than the economy and people began to accept being defined as consumers instead of citizens.

  6. Bill 6
    17 September 2018 at 10:18 pm

    Quick thoughts on an initial pass.

    An understanding of class that’s derived from books is no defense against bullshit. In fact, some of those very books that people tout as “seminal” or whatever, contain huge dollops of bullshit that people would do well to be defending themselves against.

    An instinctual or gut feeling for what’s right and wrong works just fine in life. Where “learning” might come into the picture (ie -book learning), is if some degree, or a better degree of articulation is being sought. But it’s hardly necessary. And as alluded to above, it far too often leads to a situation of dominance or “justified” authoritarianism by “the most learn-ed” who, like priests of olde, lay claim to power because they possess “proper” knowledge and understanding (bullshit that ought to be defended against) 😉

    There’s also a whole debate on the nature of knowledge right there that I’m signposting and walking away from (The illiterate fisherman and the learned physicist ‘dropped into a boat” with no land in sight…those clouds, that wind, those birds, that behaviour, those waves – Who’s the intelligent one?)

    Anti-establishment (or anti-status quo) can break in a number of directions. Many of them, whether purporting to be left or right, are authoritarian. And (to reiterate from above) that’s bullshit that people would be well served to defend themselves against.

    To the question that’s stuck in your mind What’s more important, individual rights or collective rights? The answer is that both are. What matters is the degree to which individuals comprising the collective are empowered to determine the extent and limitation of those individual and collective rights.

    • Dennis Frank 6.1
      18 September 2018 at 6:18 am

      As someone who never wanted to read Marx, I think class analysis is worthwhile currently, to discern the extent to which is retains validity. You could get an academic to run a poll to measure the numbers who self-identify as lower-class, middle-class & upper-class: that would give you an identity-politics frame on whether class is still a real social divide.

      Most commentators are averse to getting real, so they tote classism as if it were an intellectual weapon of current political relevance. I bet research into political reality would prove it is an antiquated scheme valid in the 19th century that had become irrelevant by the 1970s.

      The Occupy movement was even stupider. It used the binary frame of the 1% against the 99%. That guaranteed its failure. On what basis could the 99% act in their common interests against the controllers? None of them even wanted to figure that out. They merely wanted to protest. Protest doesn’t work.

      • Bill 6.1.1
        18 September 2018 at 12:16 pm

        You don’t need to read Marx to be aware of asymmetries of power. What Marx offered was an explanation of the systemic nature of power acting through the economic framework of capitalism.

        But really, do I need to articulate or theorise on the economic nuts and bolts that sit behind “that” guy assuming he has the right to compel me to do “this” work or “that” work, over here, or there or wherever at some time and in some fashion of their choosing?

        The answer is that no, I don’t.

        I either accept their authority or I reject it.

        Class isn’t irrelevant – it’s the reality that results from our acquiescence to power acting through a capitalist framework – but Marx’s descriptive breakdown isn’t without its problems. Personally, I find it far more useful to view class in basic terms of working class, managers and owners. Marxists who then zero in on ownership go off on the wrong foot. Ownership doesn’t mean a damned thing without control – it’s why owners have managers who they invest authority in…and we’re back to the question of whether we accept or reject their authority 😉

        There’s a wee illustrative story on that front that I quite like. In the 90s I worked a shit job in a Christchurch bread factory. There was an old English guy had worked there for years – decades. Being a bread factory, there was a “bread allowance” that workers were permitted to take away for themselves. Well, at some point, management decided to enforce a strict regime on that front. (One loaf of bread per day for single workers and two for those with family). On day two of “the enforcement”, the old English guy walked straight past the plant manager with a crate of bread destined for his car boot (a dozen loaves). The manager attempted to pull him up, and the response I remember to this day was – “Fuck off. I made it. It’s my bread.” And with that, he carried on to his car without so much as having broken his stride.

        Extending that attitude leads us to a place where we could say “You own this factory? That’s nice…” Control, not ownership is what matters – regardless of whether that ownership is in private hands or state hands.

        • Dennis Frank 6.1.1.1
          18 September 2018 at 12:36 pm

          Yes, I agree that control matters more than ownership. All those books about the gfc illuminate the extent to which Board & CEO have the real power now, and shareholder leverage has become so diluted that only a mass revolt can prevail.

          Your account of the breadmaker is funny. If he didn’t get fired as a result, then clearly he was too valuable to the company and knew it! If they let him get away with it (his bluff not called) he became correct. Until that point, the bread belonged to the company.

  7. marty mars 7
    17 September 2018 at 10:21 pm

    Class and identity analysis are NOT mutually exclusive. In fact they are BOTH necessary.

    I know the whakapapa of the left and can proudly say I am of the left.

    “What’s more important, individual rights or collective rights?”

    The funny thing about the dualistic nature of that question is that imo you CANNOT have one without the other.

    The last thing we need is bloody daggers on the left. Don’t buy into the either/or mentality – try thinking outside the square – maybe some indigenous anti colonisation/capitalistism knowledge would help you.

    • miravox 7.1
      18 September 2018 at 8:56 am

      I was thinking about writing a really long comment to agree with this, Marty. But what the hell – you’re right.

      Both class and identities are necessary and both are unavoidable and they’re muddled up together, with one or another non-class identity popping up sometimes and a class-identity at others. They’re not at opposite ends of a continuum.

      I think that’s the problem with Fukuyama’s words – he writes as if identities are separate and stand alone things, they’re not.

      The Marx as a comedian – 2nd panel – has it. Except the man in the seat these days (yes, most likely a man), worried about the cops turning up in a public space, is most likely brown – and, yes, most likely, but exclusively, working class.

      But that scenario wouldn’t work in the domestic sphere, but in common with the this image is that capitalism and the way people are treated within that system, might very well have a lot to do with why the cops turn up to sort out events caused by the struggle for power and identity that underpins family violence.

      Edit: oops that was a bit stream of consciousness… where’s weka, they would have said what I want to say much better.

  8. Incognito 8
    17 September 2018 at 10:53 pm

    What’s more important, individual rights or collective rights?

    I give in to my antagonistic streak and answer:

    Neither. A society must protect the rights of the weak, vulnerable and marginalised, i.e. its members who cannot, for whatever reason, exercise their rights be it (as) individual or (minority) collective.

  9. Incognito 9
    17 September 2018 at 11:04 pm

    It’s that sense of citizenship that I really miss. We’re all citizens, but we don’t see it as something to be exercised, something to work on. Something to be part of.

    Exactly! I tried to express something very similar in one of my comments on the PM’s speech yesterday although I referred to us, the people, as key stakeholders. I did not and do not feel invited to be part of The Plan or Our Plan. I feel more like a patient overhearing the surgical team discussing how they are going to operate on me.

    • Dennis Frank 9.1
      18 September 2018 at 6:28 am

      Yes, you reacted like that because of the Labour paternalism thing. It’s a tacit stance & Jacinda would be aghast to realise she’d used it. Labour work so hard at trying to persuade people that they are there to represent them, one empathises with the sincerity of the effort while noting the self-defeating effect of the `we know best’ attitude. People incapable of understanding others ought not to exhibit hubris.

      Why not just explain how we are all involved as stakeholders? Explain that Labour has moved beyond leftist sectarianism and is experimenting with a broader consensus? Admit the mistakes made in the fumbling attempts thus far. I sense Jacinda intuits the necessity but traditional Labour thinking has her in shackles.

  10. Stuart Munro 10
    17 September 2018 at 11:13 pm

    Fukuyama has a habit of anchoring his flights of reasoning to research produced by Robert Putnam, and Putnam did produce some on melting pots. It was not encouraging.

    I can recall when I did pols, nationalism was treated as a vice. But “the nation state is the unit of political accountability” John Ralston Saul – globalism will not protect our jobs, our housing market, our environment, any of the things that matter to citizens.

    • McFlock 10.1
      18 September 2018 at 12:03 am

      My home town is about the size of Athens in 430BC. It’s a regional centre in a territorial local authority in a small nation.

      Globalisation doesn’t need to replace the nation-state, just put structures above it. Whether that government is effectively all-encompassing, such as NZ govt over regional or local councils, or more federalised such as Aus or the USA where the overarching government more facilitates issues that exist across states, is the rub.

      Been a while since I studied pols formally, though – and curriculae got a bit derailed in the noughties…

      • Stuart Munro 10.1.1
        18 September 2018 at 8:16 am

        Putnam’s work (roughly) shows that melting pot communities are characterized by low or declining social participation.

        There is of course the historical crude nationalism associated with invading assholes like Hitler and ideas like “my country right or wrong”, but enlightened nationalism, the idea of building a better country and society, and that we should build the best country and society that we can, is a powerful force for uniting and motivating communities with some historical validity.

        • McFlock 10.1.1.1
          18 September 2018 at 2:32 pm

          Sounds a bit like taming fire, to me.

          • Stuart Munro 10.1.1.1.1
            18 September 2018 at 2:56 pm

            So’s democracy – conventional wisdom, when de Toqueville was writing, is that demagogues wreck them utterly pretty damned quickly. But a well run democracy has low corruption and high civic participation, they can be remarkably good at solving their own problems.

            • McFlock 10.1.1.1.1.1
              18 September 2018 at 3:16 pm

              Democracy is crap, but nobody has come up with a better model.

              Whereas nationalism might not be necessary, and can be destructive if not forcibly contained.

              • Stuart Munro …
                18 September 2018 at 5:09 pm

                Monarchists like de Tocqueville would say that late monarchy was pretty good, certainly it can be a smart and responsive government. Consensus democracy has a pretty good rep, but it takes time. Dahlian polyarchy has nothing to recommend it over other forms of oligarchy.

                • McFlock …
                  18 September 2018 at 5:22 pm

                  Plato also dug the philosopher-king, ISTR.

                  But the question isn’t just the current ruler being good, but the transition through future bad rulers and mitigating their excesses/inadequacies.

                  But then that goes for democracy and the risk of demagogues, too. But at least you can vote a shite pm or president out again.

                  • Stuart Munro …
                    19 September 2018 at 4:48 pm

                    Yes, I get that transitions is a point to democracy.

                    But one of the areas we’ve gone astray since neoliberalism is an area late monarchies often get right, that NZ democracy used to too. And that is anticipating the needs and desires of citizens where it is reasonable to do so.

                    Just as a business, to really thrive, must apply commonsense to customer needs and desires, so too a democracy that wants to remain popular must anticipate public response to issues and proffer well thought out solutions, without being determinate on true conscience issues.

                    • McFlock …
                      19 September 2018 at 4:59 pm

                      monarchies often get/got it wrong, too.

                      And really, all any social order needs to do (monarchy to full participatory democracy) is to simply fool enough of the people enough of the time. Sure, they might not go down in history as the best government ever, but unless they’re toppled in a bloody revolution they probably won’t be the worst.

                      Some rulers rule with the objective of a thriving society. Others merely rule with the objective of ruling.

                    • Stuart Munro …
                      19 September 2018 at 5:15 pm

                      “really, all any social order needs to do … is to simply fool enough of the people”

                      Once you go down that road you lose any right to govern, and any hope of positive outcomes.

                    • McFlock …
                      19 September 2018 at 6:09 pm

                      I wasn’t talking rights, but reality.

                      The reality is that whatever form of social structures we have, from time to time the people within them will be good and at other times bad.

                      Any system of government or social structure needs to be able to minimise the excesses of the worst times and maximise the benefits of the better times. Part of that is minimising the upheaval between times and enabling replacement of the worst rulers.

                      Monarchies require large scale upheaval to change from a shite ruler, or have to withstand them long enough for them to die naturally.

                      Democracies have the least-damaging transitions, imo, and term limits are an even more effective safety catch on rulers.

                      Controlled nationalism might increase public participation, but the flipside is that it hands a weapon to demagogues and be removed from benefiting society as a whole.

  11. RedLogix 11
    18 September 2018 at 12:06 am

    It’s always capitalism.

    So life was just peachy before we had capitalism?

    • Draco T Bastard 11.1
      18 September 2018 at 1:08 am

      Yes.

      • Dennis Frank 11.1.1
        18 September 2018 at 5:51 am

        You’re kidding? Capitalism replaced feudalism. Life as a serf was fun? Think about the why of Robin Hood.

        • Stuart Munro 11.1.1.1
          18 September 2018 at 7:58 am

          Unregulated capitalism often is feudal – characterized by individual loyalty to ‘strong leaders’ and cheerfully exploiting or antagonistic to the rest.

          • solkta 11.1.1.1.1
            18 September 2018 at 8:01 am

            To understand the difference between Feudalism and Capitalism read Marx.

            • Stuart Munro 11.1.1.1.1.1
              18 September 2018 at 8:24 am

              I have as it happens. Feudalism has survived in some capitalist cultures. Better managed states don’t allow that to happen. Poorly managed ones allow the likes of Southwest Key Programs (one of Trump’s child camp operators) or Blackwater (a more conventional military feudal) to hollow out the carcass of their formerly democratic state.

              We’ve no cause to boast, having allowed a number of corporations to outgrow their usefulness until they survive through political influence and monopolism instead of productivity. They know who they are.

        • Draco T Bastard 11.1.1.2
          18 September 2018 at 11:33 am

          Feudalism is capitalist.

          Life in poverty and at the control of the capitalists is fun?

          • Dennis Frank 11.1.1.2.1
            18 September 2018 at 11:41 am

            I gather the reason it has been historically differentiated is that the aristocrat land-owners often subsisted on the wealth generated by the serfs on their estate. You could add to that the fact that there were no capital markets for them to invest any surplus in.

            Capital as excess wealth took centuries to evolve. There are books on this dimension of history that spell it out in detail but essentially it was usually gold & silver coins until bankers started with letters of credit & such paper money was eventually copied by monarchs.

            • Stuart Munro 11.1.1.2.1.1
              18 September 2018 at 11:49 am

              Mmm – one of the results of this system was that economies were perpetually depressed by shortage of coin – hence the prevalence of usury.

            • Draco T Bastard 11.1.1.2.1.2
              18 September 2018 at 1:06 pm

              I gather the reason it has been historically differentiated is that the aristocrat land-owners often subsisted on the wealth generated by the serfs on their estate.

              How is that different from shareholders subsisting upon the wealth generated by the workers?

              Capital as excess wealth took centuries to evolve.

              No it didn’t. As soon as we had agriculture and ownership (which goes all the way back Sumer in the written records) there was ‘excess’ wealth. Sumer even used debt based monetary system (Debt: The first 5000 years).

              There are books on this dimension of history that spell it out in detail but essentially it was usually gold & silver coins until bankers started with letters of credit & such paper money was eventually copied by monarchs.

              And they’re wrong. Metal based coinage is relatively recent invention barely more than 2000 years old:

              Graeber lays out the historical development of the idea of debt, starting from the first recorded debt systems in the Sumer civilization around 3500 BC. In this early form of borrowing and lending, farmers would often become so mired in debt that their children would be forced into debt peonage. Also for the social tension that came with this enslavement of large parts of the population, kings periodically canceled all debts.

              The author claims that debt and credit historically appeared before money, which itself appeared before barter. This is the opposite of the narrative given in standard economics texts dating back to Adam Smith. To support this, he cites numerous historical, ethnographic and archaeological studies. He also claims that the standard economics texts cite no evidence for suggesting that barter came before money, credit and debt, and he has seen no credible reports suggesting such.

              • Dennis Frank …
                18 September 2018 at 1:54 pm

                Yes, I was actually aware of that ancient origin of credit. To have that kind of system, you need civilisation. You need a monarch or ruler who employs scribes to do book-keeping so debts can be extracted. I was reporting the norm in respect of the local rulers in the feudal system who serfs paid their land rental in food when they had no coins. Those lesser aristocrats in their domains were less likely to die by famine, obviously, but were still vulnerable due to the lack of capitalist infrastructure.

                So I’m not disagreeing with you. I’m aware that the centralised part of the hierarchy condensed into capital more rapidly than the diverse parts of the social ecosystem. At the margins, even the aristos were marginal.

            • Draco T Bastard 11.1.1.2.1.3
              18 September 2018 at 1:22 pm

              They Don’t Just Hide Their Money. Economist Says Most of Billionaire Wealth is Unearned.

              The 62 richest people in the world own as much wealth as half of humanity. Such extreme wealth conjures images of both fat cats and deserving entrepreneurs. So where did so much money come from?

              It turns out, three-fourths of extreme wealth in the US falls on the fat cat side.

              A key empirical question in the inequality debate is to what extent rich people derive their wealth from “rents”, which is windfall income they did not produce, as opposed to activities creating true economic benefit.

              No different from feudalism.

              • Dennis Frank …
                18 September 2018 at 1:58 pm

                It’s no different from feudalism inasmuch as capitalism is also an exploitation system. My point is that the specialists in the field have their technical reasons for identifying them as different cultures. Take markets, for instance. They’re an integral part of capitalism while feudalism (as far as I know, since I’m not an economic historian) did not incorporate them nor the diversity of trade networks.

                • Draco T Bastard …
                  18 September 2018 at 2:29 pm

                  My point is that the specialists in the field have their technical reasons for identifying them as different cultures.

                  There are certainly some differences but, IMO, there are far more similarities that bring about essentially the same ownership controlled structure.

                  Take markets, for instance. They’re an integral part of capitalism while feudalism (as far as I know, since I’m not an economic historian) did not incorporate them nor the diversity of trade networks.

                  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketplace#Markets_in_medieval_Europe

                  Markets have been around for thousands of years including throughout the feudal period.

                  • Dennis Frank …
                    18 September 2018 at 2:41 pm

                    But markets seem not to have been a part of the hierarchy structure. They seem to be a separate network of economic relationships. If you google feudalism you get a description that doesn’t include them:

                    “the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labour, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

                    • Draco T Bastard …
                      18 September 2018 at 4:02 pm

                      The integral part of both that gives political power and the ability to bludge is ownership. Trump doesn’t go down to the market every day to sell the goods he personally produced nor buy the ones he needs/wants. Neither does an aristocrat.

                      The serfs in both systems, on the other hand, do.

                    • Dennis Frank …
                      18 September 2018 at 4:44 pm

                      Yes, I agree with that. Ownership of a control system is normally where the power lies. However in contemporary capitalism ownership has become more diffuse. Partly by design: diversifying ownership was considered a way to make capitalism more democratic (eg Thatcher’s govt policy). Perhaps also to enhance resilience of the system – until herding became a counter-trend driving it towards tipping points.

                      Actual control of the system is hidden by design, so conspiracy theorists remain free to speculate. Seems clear it derives from a community of common interests, with a loose collaboration of groups at the uppermost level. Some public, some semi-private, and common sense suggests that the primary control groups are totally private. Obviously the current Rothschild patriarch remains pre-eminent, but only a fool would assume he can dictate how the USA operates, and his influence on Wall St players is likely relative to whatever current common interests they share. The old pyramid model can’t be feasible in a complex system of which all the operational parts are themselves complex systems!

      • SpaceMonkey 11.1.2
        18 September 2018 at 8:05 am

        No it wasn’t… it was a different kind of hard. As long as there are people who desire power over others there will be struggle.

        • Draco T Bastard 11.1.2.1
          18 September 2018 at 11:34 am

          Pre-capitalist = pre-agriculture when we were nomadic groups of a couple of hundred and all the group cared for each other and made sure everyone had what they needed.

          And I didn’t say it wasn’t hard.

  12. corodale 12
    18 September 2018 at 3:29 am

    Capitalism is good as a market mechanism. It is when the capital concentration also becomes both a governance and a religion…

  13. corodale 13
    18 September 2018 at 6:00 am

    The rights of the individual and the collective are the same things on different scales. The individual is a microcosm of the collective macrocosm.

    Should the desires of the head, the heart and the genitals be fairly and evenly balanced? Or should rule of the upper-class head, be guided by the middle-class heart, to help the lower-class know when to keep their pants on?

    If you fly around the planet westward, you will eventually return from the east.
    If you go far enough to the capitalist right, you will indeed return from the communist left.

    The capital concentration eventually becomes a controlling spike of totalitarian deep state globalism, ruled by a totalitarian communist United Nations.

  14. SpaceMonkey 14
    18 September 2018 at 6:37 am

    If those books are too dry for some people (and the reality is that for many they are)… start talking about it. That’s how we’ve done it for tens of thousands of years. Somewhere, perhaps around the 80s, it became a social no-no to discuss politics. Since then anything “left” has become synonymous with “communism”… a possible legacy from the end of the Cold War – the triumph of capitalism over communism? Yet I suspect what many left-minded people are really thinking of is something more akin to social democracy.

  15. Dennis Frank 15
    18 September 2018 at 7:08 am

    “What’s more important, individual rights or collective rights? And why does it matter?” In politics, collective rights prevail. Leviathan (Hobbes). We are born into a political matrix, bound by it.

    That matrix is part of humanity as social organism, which also incorporates a control system to provide state governance and organise national economies. So collective rights are a consequence of that framework. Holism isn’t just philosophy, it’s organic function. The whole coordinates all component groups within, allowing these relative autonomy, and it allows individuals relative autonomy within group constraints.

    The balance between individual and collective rights matters because it mediates natural chaos in human interactions into relative order, like any balance between centrifugal and centripetal forces. Systems cohere via this balance, both in nature and in human society.

  16. Andre 16
    18 September 2018 at 7:14 am

    “The Government is not the real problem, it’s capitalism.”

    Nope. The problem is that a large part of the population feels the need to indulge in dominance displays of one kind or another.Whether it’s having the most and flashest toys, having sex with the most attractive partners, eating the tenderest and tastiest meals etc etc.

    One of the best features of capitalism is it provides a route to channel these dominance displays into something useful for all of us via entrepreneurialism. Many of the big advances that improve our lives have been driven by enormous egos.

    Where we have failed is allowing government capture by the wealthy players of Big Boy’s Monopoly. So that ticket-clippers and glorified adminstrators can funnel an ever-increasing share into their own pockets, while continually reducing what they contribute back to maintaining the society that enables all that economic activity to actually happen.

    So my challenge to the fans of communism, socialism, la-la hippyism, what have you, is: how is your proposed societal structure going to harness the drives of these enormous egos and channel the dominance displays into something useful? Just saying it’ll happen when we all see the light is fkn delusional. There’s reasons why many of these alternative societal arrangements almost always devolve into sex cults or brutal dictatorships.

    Or we can accept that capitalism has its upsides, and work to mitigate its downsides. That effort is worth it because, for all its flaws, capitalism really has worked better for us than the alternatives we’ve tried. And the best current models for controlled and restrained capitalism are northern european social democracies.

  17. fustercluck 17
    18 September 2018 at 7:50 am

    “So what’s stopping us from uniting and losing our chains?”

    I think it is the fact that there are people who will fight to the death to resist a centralised authoritarian government.

  18. arkie 18
    18 September 2018 at 8:14 am

    And it’s not easy getting that learning. For a start, you’ll have to read books. So that’s the men out of this discussion already. See how hard it is?

    You don’t even have to pick up a book: https://www.marxists.org/archive/index.htm

  19. Carolyn_Nth 19
    18 September 2018 at 8:39 am

    The terms left and right preceded the rise of industrial capitalism. They were the struggle between the bourgeoisie and aristocracy in France – the bourgeoisie (now deemed middle class) sat on the left in the government and the aristocrats on the right.

    So it was about a struggle between an elite section of society, and the rest.

    And all those struggles in the wider Europe developed in the context of globalisation of European imperialism. European Industrial capitalism arose in a context where it was strongly intertwined with colonisation – it was developed on the baks of colonised people and their lands.

    NZ has never had a big industrial working class. There’s the Tallies and the freezing works.

    NZ colonisation developed with a myth of classlessness, that persisted for a long time. But NZ immigrants in the 19th and early 20th century tended to be from a very narrow class – the upper working classes (tradesmen, etc) and the lower middle classes. I think this has had some influence since then, on the way Pakeha view class.

    And back in the 50s and 60s, many of my dad’s friends were tradesmen, though my father was a professional businessman – classes mixed more then at sports clubs, etc. Some of these tradesmen men went on to develop their own business, were able to buy houses, etc. It was possible back then. Some tradesmen were very creative – maybe like artisan types that preceded capitalism.

    Basically, the lowest income people now in NZ include some industrial workers, but also many women in minimal wage jobs, and many people in hospitality, retail, service sectors and small businesses. In rural areas they are agricultural labourers. In cities like Auckland, those on lowest wages include the growing legion of bus drivers and office/business cleaners (both pretty multicultural, and includes both men and women) – plus largely women who work as teacher and nursing aids, rest home care workers, etc.

    “Working class” in NZ is not the same as the large sectors of industrial workers in other countries. Overseas in big factories, workers could regularly talk and discuss their plight. It was easier to organise as a class. Now in NZ, we have a diverse group of people on low incomes, including beneficiaries, and the precariously employed. It’s hard to organise such a group into a strong, unionised, collective force to counter those with power.

    It’s always about which groups in society have power. This changes with changes in economic structures, society and context.

    The left, IMO, are always on the side of those with least power against the dominant group/s in society – sometimes that is based on socio-economic class; sometimes it’s based on ethnicity (like chatel slavery); and sometimes it’s a more gender based patriarchal society. Often these systems are interconnected. These days capitalism is the most dominant system – but it isn’t necessarily always going to be the dominant oppressive system – see The Handmaids Tale.

    • miravox 19.1
      18 September 2018 at 11:12 am

      Hi Carolyn

      I agree with most of what you say, but there’s just one point that needs clarification, I think.

      You’re right, New Zealand didn’t industrialise the way Europe & the US did, and what industrialisation did occur was mostly related to farming, However, a big manufacturing base (for the size of the country) in the 60s and 70s did exist. Tariffs and protectionism meant NZ had to manufacture its own goods – whiteware, electronics, shoes, clothing and although we didn’t make cars, they were built-up here (Toyota in Thames, for example), etc.

      When I left school in the 70s at 15, I walked into a manufacturing job – clothing – no problem, because the manufacturers were crying out for workers. Hence mass immigration of from the Pacific.

      This manufacturing base is why there were historically large Pacific Island communities in Ponsonby, Parnell, and Lower Hutt, for example, and also accounted for some of the later ‘urban drift’ of Maori. The reason I’m mentioning this, is because it’s important to remember where the majority of the people who lost their jobs in the 80s came from, and whose children and grandchildren make up a large proportion of the underemployed and underpaid now, the ones in unsafe housing and with ridiculously bad access to healthcare.

      Manufacturers needed Pacific Island workers and Maori also to move into towns and cities to work in trades and labouring as well. And then they were ditched. This is the working class, as much as the steel workers in Northern England are the working class, and these people were treated just as badly, if not worse (i.e. Dawn Raids).

      Maybe it was diversity (or not identifying with this working class) that prevented organising among manufacturing workers even then? I honestly don’t know the answer – some knowledge of history of trade unionism that I don’t have would go a long way towards answering this. Maybe it was simply the oil crisis and a desperate government.

      With the du Pleiss Allan’s* of this world, it’s essential that this history doesn’t become invisible.

      *not just Du Pleiss Allan – this talk about Pacific Islanders has being going around in my social world for several months now, I believe this is being deliberately reproduced.

      • Carolyn_Nth 19.1.1
        18 September 2018 at 11:39 am

        Yes. That’s a very good point, miravox.

        Also in the 60s-70s Pacific Island workers were brought to Auckland to work in Crown Lynn potteries. There were a fair amount of industrial factories in west Auckland – Astley Tanneries, and then Cambridge clothing.
        most were moved off shore in the 80s.

        I also worked in a couple of factories in Auckland in the 60s- early 70s. One I only remember vaguely – I think it may have been while I was still at school – holiday job, I think. maybe packaging cosmetics with women workers.

        And in the early 70s, I think returning to Auckland after being away, I worked for a summer in Onehunga, on an assembly line putting magazines together.

        But, I still think this growth in manufacturing in the 50s-70s was pretty small scale – compared with car assembly lines in Dagenham, and Detroit, for instance.

        Te Ara says there was growth in manufacturing in NZ from the 30s through to the 70s:

        The structure of New Zealand manufacturing was different from that in Western Europe and North America. As a general rule New Zealand factories were small.

        However the pastoral processing plants which began from 1882 as a part of refrigerated exporting were exceptions. New Zealand’s dairy factories and freezing works were large in international terms.

        The processing of resources – including aluminium based on electricity, the exploitation of hydrocarbons, steel based on iron sands, and wood products – also involved larger-scale manufacture. Most processing was established after 1945 and was not large in international terms. The biggest industrial plant produced pulp and paper at Kawerau.

        • Dukeofurl 19.1.1.1
          18 September 2018 at 11:58 am

          Cambridge Clothing is still there.
          You are right about the others. The economic system at the time until Rogernomics was based on autarky. I used to pass a TV factory on the way to High School where TV sets were assembled mostly from higher value components imported, in the same street smaller manufacturers made components for the TV/radio factory.
          Same approach was for new cars , mostly local assembly with high end parts imported like engines gearboxes and body pressings. Tyres , glass, seating, electrical harness was made by smaller manufacturers
          The same happened with clothing, only limited amounts were direct imports the rest was made locally with a whole range of small to large factories ( Holeproof had a large plant in Royal Oak) and of course the making and repair of the machinery used in clothing.
          There was a regional element to the manufacturing , so Waihi when the gold mine closed in the late 50s, got a TV factory. Thames which had a long history of heavy engineering from the gold rush days got a car assembly plant.
          The government ruled the roost on manufacturing location as import licenses were required to import a lot of components for assembly or additional manufacturing.
          In reality the autarky process ended up as kiwi crony capitalism, with political connections often being the arbiter over who got what.

        • miravox 19.1.1.2
          18 September 2018 at 9:07 pm

          Definitely NZ manufacturing was small-scale compared to UK, but it was there. I’d forgotten Crown Lynn – making crockery for the railways… those were the days.

          My older sister worked packaging cosmetics in Auckland around the same time as you – possibly 2 degrees of separation there 🙂

          I quite enjoyed the rhythm of the production line, and the bonuses. I worked at Bendon when I left school. After the neo-liberal turn, the company was sold and production moved to Australia. My next job was working in a fish & chip shop. No bonuses there. Losing high paid manufacturing was huge blow to the working class.

          My father welded the inside of anchor tankers – when he was laid off at 58, that was the end of his paid employment life. His body was pretty much broken, so he didn’t mind. He still had a couple of kids at home and a garden to tend. The big redundancy package, and fixed State Advances housing loan and relatively quick hand and knee surgeries, meant that he was set for his retirement.

          I harp on to my children about that, but they have no idea what I’m talking about. They’ve never lived in an era when workers were considered as more than Human resources.

          Even without the huge manufacturing plants, workers rights were still good – before the Douglas years. (For Pakeha men with their trade tickets, at least. I now wonder if it was the same for others).

  20. Sanctuary 20
    18 September 2018 at 8:51 am

    Identity and class intersect. If you are brown, you are more likely to be working poor or just plain poor. LGBTQ are (despite the capitalist love of the “pink dollar”) more likely to be marginalised by capitalism. But are progressive victories within the construct of late capitalism just a chimeras, a co-option of form over function? Capitalism is fundamentally unchangeable, although it is highly malleable. Capitalism will only mainstream marginal groups when they comply to it’s social constructs – is same sex marriage a victory for queer culture, or a surrender to the rewards offered to those who embrace mainstream conventions? Is wealthy Iwi corporate types sending their kids to expensive private schools a signal of Maori resurgence, or a repudiation of a cultural collectivist tradition and an abandonment of race in favour of individualism and greed? Do progressive “victories” actually usually just amount to defeats for alternative world views, economic models and lifestyles?

    The collapse of 20th century communism led to a crisis of ideology and, worst of all, a temporary end to the hope of an alternative to capitalism. The response was a bourgeois abandonment of socialism in favour of social liberalism, the terminating of class warfare in favour of “progressivism’ and an embracing of neoliberal capitalism as the best vehicle for delivering social justice – which meant in practice a form of bourgeois curated (and punitive) welfare.

    But times change, even if the new conservatives have not (they even still regard themselves as “left wing”, because this is an important part of their self-identification – a conceited narcissism entirely keeping with the core tenents of the neoliberalism they’ve embraced). A quarter century after the the fall of the USSR, neoliberal capitalism collapsed into crisis under the weight of it’s own greed and in the decade since the GFC the left has been re-thinking Leninism, Marxism and communism and the how to learn from the lessons of the 20th century. The fragile green shoots of socialist hope are once again germinating in the ideological soil made barren as much by Blair and Clinton as by Reaagan and Thatcher.

    Prgressive identity politics as the main engine of what passed for opposition to the rampant greed of late capitalism is just about over. Almost dead and buried, but for a entrenched media rearguard of new conservative “third way” pundits who opinions are increasingly exposed as those of emperors with no clothes, or rather no wider constituency beyond the bubbles of Washington DC or Westminster or Thorndon. It provided, perhaps, a lifeboat for the left post the events of 1989-91. Whatever usefulness it had for the left is now long past it’s use by date.

    • Carolyn_Nth 20.1
      18 September 2018 at 9:42 am

      Sanctuary: LGBTQ are (despite the capitalist love of the “pink dollar”) more likely to be marginalised by capitalism.

      This reminded me of an Aussie documentary film I watched this week on TVNZ on demand: Deep Water: the true story (first shown on Aussie TV in 2016)

      It is deeply shocking – more shocking than the fictionalised story based on it (Deep Water that I watched on demand a few weeks ago.

      In Sydney in the 1980s and 90s up to 80 gay men were killed by gay bashers. This was done at the same time that Sydney as a gay centre, and the Mardi Gras were on the rise. Mardi Gras (and Hero parades), while important as a positive expression of LGBT+ culture also seems to me to contain elements of neoliberal, commercialised extravaganza, and has lost its radical edge as a protest against right wing oppression.

      In the 80s and 90s in Sydney, gangs of young men, some at high school, prowled the coastal cliff beats of cruising gay men, looking for people to bash. They killed some just from extreme brute force, but also threw some (still alive) men off the cliffs – no one could survive that fall.

      The police were complicit, and at times, actively participated in collective gay bashing. The NSW police, as far as I’m aware, still refuse to investigate these crimes, or admit to their complicity.

      The documentary put the motivation for these bashings as arising from a culture that promoted a very narrow mand aggressive kind of masculinity. The bashings were described as a way for some men to establish their “masculinity”, and to be seen to do it by their peers.

      Some police can be helpful to the community, but, as with the covert surveillance of Clark and Thompson in collusion with the police, they are the front line of state, right wing oppression.

      And yes, third way “progressive” politics has knee capped a left wing (across class, ethnicity, gender and sexuality) that will fully oppose the power of the elites, and work towards a more egalitarian society. And this elite power these days is maintained within the oppressiveness of capitalist society.

  21. Dennis Frank 21
    18 September 2018 at 9:11 am

    How is the internet changing politics? Fukuyama is negative: “Another urgent area of concern, he suggests, is the need for politicians to address the ways that the internet has acted as an accelerator for identity politics, with social media allowing individuals to listen to people in just their own narrow group and not have any sense of national or wider conversations.”

    “The idea was for it to be a tool of democracy, to give people access to information and therefore to power,” he says. “But I think all of the editors and the ‘gatekeepers’ and the fact-checkers that characterise the old media were actually extremely useful – in simply slowing down the spread of false information and guaranteeing a certain minimum level of quality. All of that is gone now. So basically anything you see on the internet seems as good as anything else you see on the internet.”

    An irony here, perhaps. Hasn’t the internet brought us true democracy in the guise of chaos, social darwinism, and niche group silo-thinking? In respect to the antique left/right political frame, folks are diversifying out of that conceptual strait-jacket.

  22. Adrian Thornton 22
    18 September 2018 at 9:28 am

    Thanks for the post TRP, the more conversation about class the better IMO, some great threads too, unfortunately I haven’t got time today to get involved..

    This doesn’t really help to much, but it was listening to stuff like this that first opened my mind to politics and class etc…

    D.O.A. – “Class War” (1982)

  23. Dennis Frank 23
    18 September 2018 at 9:36 am

    Fukuyama is definitely onto something with thymos. Interesting to see google telling us that David Brooks wrote about it 12 years ago: https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/19/opinion/all-politics-is-thymotic.html

    “Men want others to recognize their significance. They want to feel important and part of something important. Some people believe men are motivated by greed for money or lust for power. But money and power are means to get recognition. They are markers of success, and success makes men feel important and causes others to pay attention when they walk in the room.” Talk about getting straight to the point! Unusual for a liberal.

    “Plato famously divided the soul into three parts: reason, eros (desire) and thymos (the hunger for recognition). Thymos is what motivates the best and worst things men do. It drives them to seek glory and assert themselves aggressively for noble causes. It drives them to rage if others don’t recognize their worth. Sometimes it even causes them to kill over a trifle if they feel disrespected.”

    Greek democracy was direct, agora-driven. Google: “The literal meaning of the word is “gathering place” or “assembly”. The agora was the center of the athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city.” And this: “In every Greek city the marketplace, called. the agora, was the center of daily life. Here people would work, trade goods and meet friends, and conduct business deals. In the beginnings of Greek trade people exchanged goods and services by bartering.”

    So there you have it – the original nexus that combined economy and democracy. No media. No class representatives. Just the real thing. No wonder they were able to suss out the primary motivating forces of political psychology. No wonder humanity has been unable to reach that depth of gnosis since then! Of course, my analysis applies only to enfranchised males. That alerts us to the political potential of emotional intelligence, which deserves female articulation. Has it happened yet?

  24. Dennis Frank 24
    18 September 2018 at 11:58 am

    Another writer points to how the US liberal establishment has been using thymos to divide and rule. “He’s right, as well, to identify thymos as a vastly under-rated human impulse behind all politics. ..liberal constitutionalism was designed to control and check exactly thymos – not by ignoring it, but by pitting the thymos of some against the thymos of others. At least that is what Harvey taught me about liberal constitutionalism in grad school.” https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2007/05/the-politics-of-i-thymos-i/228635/

    He’s talking about Harvey Mansfield, an American political philosopher and Professor of Government at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1962.

  25. Dennis Frank 25
    18 September 2018 at 3:23 pm

    TRP asked: “So what’s stopping us from uniting and losing our chains?” Human nature. Humans only unite on a common-interest basis. The process requires agreeing that it exists and being able to specify & explain how it motivates and incentivises behaviour. Everyone seems to agree this task is impossible due to self-interest prevailing.

    So the chains remain. This tacit agreement that figuring out how to unite is too hard remains our default position. Remember the Matrix movie, and how few people became conscious that the matrix was creating their world? Tacit stuff has way more control of behaviour and perception than anything else. Sensory input is powerful, but our minds factor that into a context of prior knowledge and belief, and many beliefs are held unconsciously.

    I acquired a tacit belief as a teenager that I had to get a job after university. Consequently I became a wage slave. If I’d had a better parental role model, I’d have chosen self-employment perhaps. More autonomy. Wage slaves yield their independence to that class of capitalists, via the capitalist system. I had to learn from that mistake (reincarnational karma).

  26. te reo putake 26
    18 September 2018 at 4:32 pm

    Kia ora, comrades and thanks for all the well reasoned replies. I thought it might be useful at this point to shed a bit more light on the individual vs collective rights question.

    The lecturer that day was Margaret Wilson. I think she asked the question to try and gauge whether the students had enjoyed a bit of ‘life experience’ or were still thinking as if the warmth and support of the family cocoon would last forever.

    Predictably, most younger students voted that individual rights were more important. The few of that could be said to be adult all voted that collective rights were more important.

    We were all wrong.

    As Marty and Miravox have spotted, collective rights are individual rights too. And individual rights that are not available collectively are primarily about power and control, and limiting the freedom of the majority. So, in a progressive society, in order to have one, we really must have the other. it’s not really an either/or question.

    Individual rights are collective rights and collective rights are individual rights. And that understanding is the foundation of citizenship and of a progressive society.

    Well, that’s how I remember it, anyway. Feel free to disagree though!

    • Dennis Frank 26.1
      18 September 2018 at 5:10 pm

      Well, a quibble. Corodale wrote: “The rights of the individual and the collective are the same things on different scales. The individual is a microcosm of the collective macrocosm.” I expanded that (15).

      To elaborate, natural wholes or parts operate with relative autonomy, to the extent that any enclosing system they are part of allows that by not binding them into stasis. The human consequence of this general principle is that we as individuals have agency as a natural right, but as parts of any society, social group or community our right to autonomy is constrained by laws or the rules of a group or the conventions of a community. So much for the individual.

      Groups that are part of society or larger groups are likewise constrained in their exercise of relative autonomy. Larger human systems that they are part of limit their operational agency. It would be unfair to expect a law lecturer to be aware of this deep context that holism provides!

      If the theory of law provides a rationale for “Individual rights are collective rights and collective rights are individual rights” it would be interesting to see how that reasoning is articulated. Since it defies common sense! “Collective rights are held by a group, rather than any one individual. They have typically been a focus of indigenous peoples and other groups whose rights are threatened by an individualistic, capitalist system. https://www.quora.com/What-are-collective-rights

  27. georgecom 27
    19 September 2018 at 10:10 pm

    the comments “not having a grounding in working class politics means that any old tosh that sounds anti-establishment gets a pass mark whether it’s deserved or not…The Government is not the real problem, it’s capitalism. It’s not chem trails, buildings in free fall or 1080. It’s capitalism”.

    Notwithstanding some of the language, is actually quite on the point. An understanding of class politics provides a good point of perspective/departure to understand the political economy without diving down ‘conspiracy theory’ rabbit holes. The drivers of the political economy and economic agents can be understood without necessarily needing to ascribe tags of good or evil, right or wrong, conspiracists etc to any particular person.

    A theory I have found useful to understand the world of work is Paul Thompson’s ‘core’ Labour Process Theory. Summarised here
    http://www.ephemerajournal.org/sites/default/files/5-1jaros.pdf

    The function of labour in generating surplus in capitalism, and hence the
    centrality of production to the system, and the privileged insight this affords
    labour for a theoretical and political challenge to the system.

    The necessity for constant renewal and change in the forces of production and
    the skills of labour due to the discipline of the profit rate and competitive
    accumulation of capital.

    The necessity for a control imperative in the labour process in order for capital
    to secure profitable production and translate its legal purchase of labour power
    into actual labour and a surplus.

    Given the dynamics of exploitation and control, the social relations between
    capital and labour in the workplace are of ‘structured antagonism’. At the same
    time, capital, in order to constantly revolutionize the production process, must
    seek some level of creativity and cooperation from labour…resulting in a
    continuum of overlapping worker responses…from resistance, to
    accommodation, compliance, or consent.