I heard the interview on National Radio Morning Report yesterday – both with one of the senior team (not the CEO, who's not commenting) – on the stark hypocrisy of BlackRock managing an ethical investing fund (in which SolarZero was included), which has benchmarks for social responsibility – in dumping employees (and contractors) with zero notice, weeks out from Christmas.
And then, a heartbreaking interview on Checkpoint with one of the solar installation contractors about effectively being bankrupted (no payments for work done in November, and the ongoing work cancelled), and their employees and apprentices losing their jobs.
I wonder what the Labour Party and supporters think of the partnering with Black Rock. Could frame it as a multi-choice q+a:
1. Good idea, bad reality.
2. Wasn't God's will.
3. Market forces done it.
4. Crap shoot – win some, lose some.
5. Murk (what you get when LP members/supporters try to think of anything).
The fund's chairwoman Cecilia Tarrant was today called in for a "please explain" meeting with Finance Minister Nicola Willis and Climate Change Minister Simon Watts… She clarified later this afternoon that the fund had not "invested in SolarZero, the company". "What we've done is we've lent money on the panels and the batteries." She said the fund was "confident" it had done "the right due diligence" for the transaction. https://www.1news.co.nz/2024/12/05/green-investment-fund-questioned-over-solarzero-collapse/
The tiny wee Nat brains now cogitating the situation will slowly discern such investment as being in accord with PPP doctrine – thus ok as per political rectitude.
they're not complying with the social part of sustainability," SolarZero's former director of public affairs and policy Eric Pyle said.
I suspect that's due to there being no such clause in their contract, but since James Shaw was likely involved in establishing the fund, I hope I'm wrong! If there actually is a social accountability clause, the current govt ought to confess impotence re enforcement: "Limited liability always lets wrong-doers off the hook. Both the left & right have always supported this legal principle. Morality is irrelevant."
Perhaps it was a mistake for the then Prime Minister to promote New Zealand as a suitable place for Blackrock to operate.
Do you remember a former NZ PM with a vision of NZ as a financial services 'hub'?
Key backs off financial services 'hub'
Key's frustration with officials who recommended the proposal be canned boiled over the following month when he reportedly told the audience at the International Business Forum that official advice criticising the hub was "absolute rubbish".
I chuckled at a cartoon (can't find it now) depicting PM Rishi Sunak visiting an NHS hospital and asking staff "But who profits?" – "Who gets the profits?", implying the 'poor' man couldn’t grasp the raison d'être of a not-for-profit public health system.
Isn't it great that that Luxon is so 'passionate' about 'outcomes' though? Surely that's the thing to 'celebrate' here? Maybe they are fleeing to attend those extra maths lesson being arranged by the (also extraordinarily 'passionate') Minister Erica Stanford? Get mastery of fractions and percentages and these rangatahi will walk into the great, well-paying jobs our wonderful 'passionate' Kiwi business people will be offering. So much hope and so much 'passion' – it makes one feel (frankly) 'passionate'.
This will be interesting. The next emerging issue, although already present, will be the management of wilding pines coming from all those planted pine plantations purely for carbon credits – with little intention to harvest as you will have to pay credits back for chopping them down. We let Japan dump their used cars here and now we are letting overseas companies dump pine trees.
Gisborne District Council, in a bid to prevent further damage to the region’s landscape and swathes of woody debris covering its coastline, is seeking an enforcement order requiring a large forestry company to cease discharging forestry debris and sediment and to deal with about 16,000 cubic metres of woody debris from a forest block in the Waimata valley.
The council is seeking the order against China Forestry Group New Zealand Company Ltd. (CFGNZC) , which owns 24 forests across New Zealand, and is a subsidiary of China Forestry Group, the biggest forestry company in China.
The spread of wilding pines in the environment and the …
"Gisborne District Council, in a bid to prevent further damage to the region’s landscape and swathes of woody debris covering its coastline, is seeking an enforcement order requiring a large forestry company to cease discharging forestry debris and sediment and to deal with about 16,000 cubic metres of woody debris from a forest block in the Waimata valley."
…problem the GDC has are two sepearate issues IMO the debris is primarily uncleared slash from forestry harvesting.
New Zealand and Australia have struck a new agreement to further integrate defence forces across military procurement, planning, and operations. “In 2024, this is building Anzac, quite literally,” said Australian Defence Minister Richard Marles. The agreement was signed between Marles and Defence Minister Judith Collins on Friday morning at the second “ANZMIN” meeting between the two ministers, and Foreign Minister Winston Peters and Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong https://www.stuff.co.nz/politics/360511120/winston-peters-judith-collins-speak-australian-ministers
Such consolidation does make sense, but our current govt will be challenged to invest substance into it. A pea-shooter brigade won't cut the mustard…
Bolger met Bush Snr (1991), discussed overturning the nuke ban:
the pair were both drinking whiskies in a side room of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York, with national security adviser Brent Scrowcroft also in attendance. A transcript of the full conversation has been declassified and makes for some incredible reading.
First Bolger reminds Bush that National had “inherited” this policy, and then discusses National’s woeful polling at the time (TVNZ/Heylen had National at 22%, 20 points behind Labour), saying the party was too far out on a limb to reverse the ban right now. https://thespinoff.co.nz/politics/04-12-2024/labours-long-win-on-defence-policy
Bush replied "Don't believe that crap. The polls can change in an instant."
In 2004 Labour foreign affairs minister Phil Goff released briefing notes his ministry had taken at a meeting then National leader Don Brash had held with the US ambassador, where Brash had reportedly said the nuclear-free policy would be “gone by lunchtime”. This bit of political ratfuckery undoubtedly played a part in Brash failing to win the election, and kept Brash’s successor John Key from ever touching the issue.
Almost 40 years since Lange's govt empowered the dissident boomer groundswell, and time has thoroughly normalised kiwi anti-nuke exceptionalism. Yet a week ago I commented here on Fusion 2.0 happening in Wellington & Alwyn asked about the relevance of the law & got no response. Maybe folks assumed nuke tech is cool when a private company does it. Maybe the fine print of the law doesn't cover that. Yet it does make me wonder if anti-nuke sentiment has abated somewhat…
From memory the anti-nuke law doesn’t cover that. It was largely against nuclear powered vessels, nuclear explosive devices, biological weapons, and a bit about dumping radioactive materials in the sea. Nothing much to stop nuclear power, fission or fusion.
The Act established the legal framework for New Zealand’s anti-nuclear policy. The Act sets out the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone consisting of all New Zealand territory (including ocean territory and airspace) and bans nuclear powered ships from entering into New Zealand waters. It also prohibits the acquisition, stationing and testing of nuclear explosive devices. Immunity from the law was granted to ships and aircraft exercising the right of innocent passage and/or the right of transit passage, as well as ships and aircraft in distress.
In addition to legislating for a national nuclear-free zone, the Act implemented four international treaties. These included the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Seabed Arms Control Treaty, the Biological Weapons Convention and the Treaty of Rarotonga.
It also has as schedule 1, the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (SPNFT) of 6 August 1985. That has some restrictions (Article 4) about non-proliferation of fissionable material unless it is subject to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), but otherwise doesn’t restrict peaceful use of nuclear technology. Article 7 prohibits dumping of radioactive matter or wastes in SPNFT territorial sea or waters.
There was a bill in 2000, that failed to pass the house. That had limits of transport of nuclear waste which would caused issues for a local nuclear industry.
We also have some civilian low-grade nuclear industry in NZ – mostly related to medical.
As someone with a BSc in earth science, I wouldn’t be comfortable with quantities of nuclear material anywhere in NZ. It is too geologically unstable. Suffice it to say that I live in city with more than 50 reasonably recent volcanoes and calderas, and a backing range of older vulcanism from the Miocene – and I think that is one of the safest places geologically in NZ. Even here I live away from the volcanic fields and 85m above sealevel.
It isn’t that I am paranoid about geological risk. It is just that I know enough about the risks to be extremely cautious.
Ok, it makes sense that the govt lawyers would have been specific like that, thanks for clarifying. Having been part of the antinuke movement, I was always aware that many others were opposed to nuclear anything. As a physics grad, I was unusual in grasping the science context. When I saw that movie about a meltdown going all the way thro the planet to reach China on the other side I realised popular thinking will inevitably defeat science though. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_China_Syndrome
I did Geology I in 1970 because I needed an extra unit to graduate & it turned out to be more interesting than physics. The version of that map of the Ak volcanic centers we got shown had a count of more than 60, I recall, so perhaps some have since been down-graded or something. Also we were told that Symonds St was on a tuff cone like Albert Park: your map has them separate but I've walked down from one to the other a zillion times and there's no dip between them. Possibly got infilled early in the 20th century – or maybe the map-maker was not an Aucklander.
Yeah, drafting of legislation is usually an art of precision. Quite unlike irrelevant travesties like Act's treaty definition 'bill' which lacks any kind of precision and looks like it was drafted by dimwits trying to look smart.
//—
The anti-nuke movement is rife with false information. The China syndrome being an extreme example. What do people think that they are living on? The core of the Earth is an immense nuclear reactor powered mostly by the fission reaction of the slow decay of unstable isotopes into (ultimately) more stable elements. Mostly uranium 235 and 238 to lead. Adding a teeny dollop of extra uranium to a thermal nuclear reaction like that does absolutely nothing. Not to mention the energy required to boost away from the core gravitational centre.
I don't have any problem with nuclear energy engineering. Just a problem about geological stability for sites and waste. The sites are usually around water for cooling and steam generation. Which is always a danger, especially for local populations and those 'downstream'. As soon as water is involved, then 'downstream' over decades or centuries is a very large area.
Tsunamis. floods, earthquakes, drought, and even terrorist attacks aren't that much of a long-term environmental issue for roads, bridges, and buildings. However radioactive waste and debris from storage or generating sites is. Even 'short-term' radioactive waste can be a problem, one whose extent and effect we don't know long-term. Which is why disposing of all radioactive waste has been an issue. Look at Japan with tsunamis, the old USSR radioactive fallouts like Kyshtym (makes Chernobyl look minor), or even close to beach storage in California.
Basically I don't believe any vague hand-waving and theories from engineers and industrialists. I much prefer actual data from actual testing before possibly causing a long-term problem. Data which is curiously absent from the nuclear industry. Hard enough to even get data from the temporary storage, or storages of short-term waste.
//—
The number of 50 volcanoes in Auckland is rough (as is 60 or more). It mostly depends if you look at events, vents, or magma pools.
For instance Auckland's most recent – Rangitoto has had at least one eruption, possibly in two close events, or possibly has had a volcanic history that is 6000yo. Just about every cone, caldera, and even lava field has similar ambiguities. Basaltic volcanic events are noted by their ability to mask earlier events. They have none of the relative simplicity of rhylotic events that distribute their gifts widely.
Never seen any volcanic tuffs in building sites on the Symonds street ridge. But it was mostly built over by the uni before I reached adolescence. From what I remember, it looked like the usual semi-metamorphic sediments on deep building sites like the new business school.
It is well within the volcanic bomb radius from volcanic areas like the Albert Park tuff ring, and on the other side of Grafton gully, including Mt Eden. I can see a reference to a possible tuff cone in Symonds Street in this 1962 paper pp 197-198. But it reads like speculation based on surface rocks. I don't know of any deep building sites on the ridge before the mid-1960s. The uni has the only really large buildings up there and tat only started those large buildings after they left the Uni of NZ in 1962. So I'm guessing this paper was formed just from shallow excavations.
No doubt Tehran doesn't quite cut it for Asma and the fam so they're probably tucked up in Moscow.
/
The Backstory Behind the Fall of Aleppo
Aleppo was never meant to fall.
A stunning offensive waged by two Turkish-backed forces over the space of the last five days has resulted in the conquering of Syria’s second-largest city and industrial hub, doing in under a week what more numerous and well-resourced anti-Assad rebels never managed. Yet Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Syrian National Army (SNA) found themselves the beneficiaries of neighboring conflicts, an opportunistic patron in Ankara, the recent election in the United States and a dynastic dictatorship in Damascus weakened by civil war, sanctions and corruption.
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The podcast above of the weekly ‘Hoon’ webinar for paying subscribers on Thursday night features co-hosts & talking about the week’s news with regular and special guests, including: and Elaine Monaghan on the week in geopolitics and climate, including Donald Trump’s tariff shock yesterday; and,Labour’s Disarmament and Associate ...
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For decades, Britain and Australia had much the same process for regulating media handling of defence secrets. It was the D-notice system, under which media would be asked not to publish. The two countries diverged ...
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This Boot Camp thing is turning out well eh. 10 participants, one traffic death and two absconders already according to the morning papers.
ACT ideology applied to the real world. It doesn't work.
I wonder what the Labour Party and supporters think of the partnering with Black Rock.
Especially in the light of the way Black Rock has pulled the pin on Solar Zero.
This cowardly act, has left hone owners vulnerable, workers, contractors and suppliers in the lurch heading into Christmas.
Fucken neo liberalism writ large.
Something about supping and spoon length comes to mind.
I heard the interview on National Radio Morning Report yesterday – both with one of the senior team (not the CEO, who's not commenting) – on the stark hypocrisy of BlackRock managing an ethical investing fund (in which SolarZero was included), which has benchmarks for social responsibility – in dumping employees (and contractors) with zero notice, weeks out from Christmas.
https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/2018967112/former-solarzero-employee-speaks-out-about-blackrock
And then, a heartbreaking interview on Checkpoint with one of the solar installation contractors about effectively being bankrupted (no payments for work done in November, and the ongoing work cancelled), and their employees and apprentices losing their jobs.
https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/checkpoint/audio/2018967187/nearly-600-businesses-owed-40-million-by-solarzero
Black Rock has some serious questions to answer in just how 'ethical' their socially responsible investing is.
https://thefinancialbrand.com/news/banking-trends-strategies/why-blackrock-opted-to-transition-socially-responsible-strategies-176800/
I think it was the first interview you cite where the interviewee mentioned Kiwisaver.
He is asking his provider if Black Rock is part of their investments.
If so he intends to change.
That may be a way we can push back if direct action is yr cup of tea.
Yeah and the last time I saw a Company Director being charged for trading whilst insolvent was?
I wonder what the Labour Party and supporters think of the partnering with Black Rock. Could frame it as a multi-choice q+a:
1. Good idea, bad reality.
2. Wasn't God's will.
3. Market forces done it.
4. Crap shoot – win some, lose some.
5. Murk (what you get when LP members/supporters try to think of anything).
The tiny wee Nat brains now cogitating the situation will slowly discern such investment as being in accord with PPP doctrine – thus ok as per political rectitude.
I suspect that's due to there being no such clause in their contract, but since James Shaw was likely involved in establishing the fund, I hope I'm wrong! If there actually is a social accountability clause, the current govt ought to confess impotence re enforcement: "Limited liability always lets wrong-doers off the hook. Both the left & right have always supported this legal principle. Morality is irrelevant."
Sum them up in one word SCUM
Perhaps it was a mistake for the then Prime Minister to promote New Zealand as a suitable place for Blackrock to operate.
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/fran-osullivan-jacinda-arderns-star-power-shines-on-in-blackrock-deal/J5FEAZJICNB6FOO5GTUW5HMPAY/
If she wasn't doing that what on earth was she doing visiting them in the US?
I can't answer yr question as the link is paywalled.
Do you remember a former NZ PM with a vision of NZ as a financial services 'hub'?
As you so rightly observed, in a 2022 thread discussing Blackrock's investment strategy, "Sooner or later a Company has to stop money-losing endeavours."
https://thestandard.org.nz/reti-secrectly-wants-to-privatise-health/
Second young person flees from boot camp trial https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/535850/second-young-person-flees-from-boot-camp-trial
And yet I can't help thinking Luxon's still going to declare the trial a success…
Isn't it great that that Luxon is so 'passionate' about 'outcomes' though? Surely that's the thing to 'celebrate' here? Maybe they are fleeing to attend those extra maths lesson being arranged by the (also extraordinarily 'passionate') Minister Erica Stanford? Get mastery of fractions and percentages and these rangatahi will walk into the great, well-paying jobs our wonderful 'passionate' Kiwi business people will be offering. So much hope and so much 'passion' – it makes one feel (frankly) 'passionate'.
You mean it makes you feel (frankly) “incredibly passionate’ don’t you?
He's passionate alright.
/
This will be interesting. The next emerging issue, although already present, will be the management of wilding pines coming from all those planted pine plantations purely for carbon credits – with little intention to harvest as you will have to pay credits back for chopping them down. We let Japan dump their used cars here and now we are letting overseas companies dump pine trees.
Gisborne District Council, in a bid to prevent further damage to the region’s landscape and swathes of woody debris covering its coastline, is seeking an enforcement order requiring a large forestry company to cease discharging forestry debris and sediment and to deal with about 16,000 cubic metres of woody debris from a forest block in the Waimata valley.
The council is seeking the order against China Forestry Group New Zealand Company Ltd. (CFGNZC) , which owns 24 forests across New Zealand, and is a subsidiary of China Forestry Group, the biggest forestry company in China.
https://www.stuff.co.nz/nz-news/350333618/watershed-moment-gisbornes-legal-fight-against-forestry-companies?
The spread of wilding pines in the environment and the …
"Gisborne District Council, in a bid to prevent further damage to the region’s landscape and swathes of woody debris covering its coastline, is seeking an enforcement order requiring a large forestry company to cease discharging forestry debris and sediment and to deal with about 16,000 cubic metres of woody debris from a forest block in the Waimata valley."
…problem the GDC has are two sepearate issues IMO the debris is primarily uncleared slash from forestry harvesting.
Reinventing ANZAC:
Such consolidation does make sense, but our current govt will be challenged to invest substance into it. A pea-shooter brigade won't cut the mustard…
Bolger met Bush Snr (1991), discussed overturning the nuke ban:
Bush replied "Don't believe that crap. The polls can change in an instant."
Almost 40 years since Lange's govt empowered the dissident boomer groundswell, and time has thoroughly normalised kiwi anti-nuke exceptionalism. Yet a week ago I commented here on Fusion 2.0 happening in Wellington & Alwyn asked about the relevance of the law & got no response. Maybe folks assumed nuke tech is cool when a private company does it. Maybe the fine print of the law doesn't cover that. Yet it does make me wonder if anti-nuke sentiment has abated somewhat…
The 2004 story.
https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/release-brash-comments-nuclear-issue
From memory the anti-nuke law doesn’t cover that. It was largely against nuclear powered vessels, nuclear explosive devices, biological weapons, and a bit about dumping radioactive materials in the sea. Nothing much to stop nuclear power, fission or fusion.
Wikipedia says in the summary of the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987
It also has as schedule 1, the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (SPNFT) of 6 August 1985. That has some restrictions (Article 4) about non-proliferation of fissionable material unless it is subject to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), but otherwise doesn’t restrict peaceful use of nuclear technology. Article 7 prohibits dumping of radioactive matter or wastes in SPNFT territorial sea or waters.
You can read the Act, it is a pretty simple and clear bit of legislation.
There was a bill in 2000, that failed to pass the house. That had limits of transport of nuclear waste which would caused issues for a local nuclear industry.
We also have some civilian low-grade nuclear industry in NZ – mostly related to medical.
As someone with a BSc in earth science, I wouldn’t be comfortable with quantities of nuclear material anywhere in NZ. It is too geologically unstable. Suffice it to say that I live in city with more than 50 reasonably recent volcanoes and calderas, and a backing range of older vulcanism from the Miocene – and I think that is one of the safest places geologically in NZ. Even here I live away from the volcanic fields and 85m above sealevel.
It isn’t that I am paranoid about geological risk. It is just that I know enough about the risks to be extremely cautious.
Ok, it makes sense that the govt lawyers would have been specific like that, thanks for clarifying. Having been part of the antinuke movement, I was always aware that many others were opposed to nuclear anything. As a physics grad, I was unusual in grasping the science context. When I saw that movie about a meltdown going all the way thro the planet to reach China on the other side I realised popular thinking will inevitably defeat science though. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_China_Syndrome
I did Geology I in 1970 because I needed an extra unit to graduate & it turned out to be more interesting than physics. The version of that map of the Ak volcanic centers we got shown had a count of more than 60, I recall, so perhaps some have since been down-graded or something. Also we were told that Symonds St was on a tuff cone like Albert Park: your map has them separate but I've walked down from one to the other a zillion times and there's no dip between them. Possibly got infilled early in the 20th century – or maybe the map-maker was not an Aucklander.
I just remembered there is a dip where the motorway goes thro. Duh!
Newton Gully through to Grafton Gully. I was born on one side of and now live on the other side of Newton Gully.
Yeah, drafting of legislation is usually an art of precision. Quite unlike irrelevant travesties like Act's treaty definition 'bill' which lacks any kind of precision and looks like it was drafted by dimwits trying to look smart.
//—
The anti-nuke movement is rife with false information. The China syndrome being an extreme example. What do people think that they are living on? The core of the Earth is an immense nuclear reactor powered mostly by the fission reaction of the slow decay of unstable isotopes into (ultimately) more stable elements. Mostly uranium 235 and 238 to lead. Adding a teeny dollop of extra uranium to a thermal nuclear reaction like that does absolutely nothing. Not to mention the energy required to boost away from the core gravitational centre.
I don't have any problem with nuclear energy engineering. Just a problem about geological stability for sites and waste. The sites are usually around water for cooling and steam generation. Which is always a danger, especially for local populations and those 'downstream'. As soon as water is involved, then 'downstream' over decades or centuries is a very large area.
Tsunamis. floods, earthquakes, drought, and even terrorist attacks aren't that much of a long-term environmental issue for roads, bridges, and buildings. However radioactive waste and debris from storage or generating sites is. Even 'short-term' radioactive waste can be a problem, one whose extent and effect we don't know long-term. Which is why disposing of all radioactive waste has been an issue. Look at Japan with tsunamis, the old USSR radioactive fallouts like Kyshtym (makes Chernobyl look minor), or even close to beach storage in California.
Once you start factoring in the full costs of safe radioactive waste disposal, then virtually all nuclear energy starts looking extremely expensive. The Finns are probably starting the first small steps to figuring out those costs in the first permanent storage experiment in the 70+ years history of the nuclear energy industry.
Basically I don't believe any vague hand-waving and theories from engineers and industrialists. I much prefer actual data from actual testing before possibly causing a long-term problem. Data which is curiously absent from the nuclear industry. Hard enough to even get data from the temporary storage, or storages of short-term waste.
//—
The number of 50 volcanoes in Auckland is rough (as is 60 or more). It mostly depends if you look at events, vents, or magma pools.
For instance Auckland's most recent – Rangitoto has had at least one eruption, possibly in two close events, or possibly has had a volcanic history that is 6000yo. Just about every cone, caldera, and even lava field has similar ambiguities. Basaltic volcanic events are noted by their ability to mask earlier events. They have none of the relative simplicity of rhylotic events that distribute their gifts widely.
Never seen any volcanic tuffs in building sites on the Symonds street ridge. But it was mostly built over by the uni before I reached adolescence. From what I remember, it looked like the usual semi-metamorphic sediments on deep building sites like the new business school.
It is well within the volcanic bomb radius from volcanic areas like the Albert Park tuff ring, and on the other side of Grafton gully, including Mt Eden. I can see a reference to a possible tuff cone in Symonds Street in this 1962 paper pp 197-198. But it reads like speculation based on surface rocks. I don't know of any deep building sites on the ridge before the mid-1960s. The uni has the only really large buildings up there and tat only started those large buildings after they left the Uni of NZ in 1962. So I'm guessing this paper was formed just from shallow excavations.
No doubt Tehran doesn't quite cut it for Asma and the fam so they're probably tucked up in Moscow.
/
The Backstory Behind the Fall of Aleppo
Aleppo was never meant to fall.
A stunning offensive waged by two Turkish-backed forces over the space of the last five days has resulted in the conquering of Syria’s second-largest city and industrial hub, doing in under a week what more numerous and well-resourced anti-Assad rebels never managed. Yet Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Syrian National Army (SNA) found themselves the beneficiaries of neighboring conflicts, an opportunistic patron in Ankara, the recent election in the United States and a dynastic dictatorship in Damascus weakened by civil war, sanctions and corruption.
https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-backstory-behind-the-fall-of-aleppo/